Cult Of The BOFH

Draft 0.2

This article is released under the OpenContent license.

"The BOFHen generally believe (and the facts appear to be on their side) that they are among the more clued and adaptable of Earth's inhabitants, and that any upwards evolution of the human race is only possible if the herds of lusers are thinned out a little. "
Table of Contents
Introduction
Character of the BOFH
Lusers
The BOFH and publicity
The Monastery
BOFH vs. Hacker
Real BOFHen
B.+FH
Aspiring to BOFHhood
Summary
Glossary
Bibliography

Introduction

The BOFH (Bastard Operator From Hell) was the creation of Simon Travaglia, from Hamilton, New Zealand. [1] describes how Travaglia was inspired (or perhaps un-inspired) to start writing BOFH, the main factor being severe boredom while in the job of the eponymous Operator. The first few articles were Striped Irregular Bucket [2], but they quickly matured into the Bastard Operator From Hell that we all know, love, fear, and never trust with our backup tapes.

BOFHen Incarnate

While Travaglia denies personal involvement in (most of) the evil deeds done by his creation, the temptation to put them into practice must have been trying. One incident dealt with by the BOFH in [3]:
THE PHONE RINGS AGAIN!
"The screen on my PC is really dim" the woman at the other end says. "Should I wind the brightness knob up?"

At this stage, anyone who has ever worked as a sysadmin or on a helpdesk is probably banging their head on the desk. "D'OH!" they cry, knowing that their job security relies on them remaining polite in the face of monstrous stupidity. The BOFH, however is more pro-active:

"NO!" I scream. "Don't touch that knob! Have you any idea of the radiation that comes out of that thing when the knob gets wound up?!!!!"
"Well I..." she says, all uncertain.
"TAKE MY ADVICE!" I say. "There's only ONE way to fix a dim display, and that's by power surging the drivers."

The hapless lady follows the advice of the BOFH and ends up with her computer's power supply in the Great Hereafter. Only by luck does she avoid personal humiliation with a spare power cord. Here we see the themes that recur throughout the BOFH chronicles: stupidity, violence and the destruction of hardware. The BOFH motto:

YOUR computer's broken and I'VE got a problem?

BOFHness Spreads

The BOFH's homicidal, conniving, technically experienced and utterly amoral character struck a sonorous chord with many grizzled sysadmins spread across the globe. The posting of the articles on a website at Waikato University in New Zealand enabled the sysadmins to seek them out when word of mouth alerted the sysadmins to their existence. USENET had for many years enabled them to share tales of stupidity in their users, but BOFH gave them a common vocabulary as well as a role model.

What We're About

This article looks at the BOFH nature, a sample of the world's BOFHen, and discusses the attitudes of BOFHen to their users. The aim is to shed a little light on why BOFHen exist, and what they bring to the electronic melting pot of the information society.

Sources and Terms

The glossary at the end of this article covers some of the jargon and abbreviations used; a much more complete list is in the Jargon File [4].

In addition to the bibliography, a number of quotes have been taken from USENET posts. The names of the authors are deliberately obscured for reasons that will become apparent.

This first draft has not been commented on by real BOFHen. A second draft is expected, with most of the idiocies and inaccuracies removed.

Character of the BOFH

The prototypical BOFH is a sysadmin for a medium- or large-sized company. He or she will almost always be the most technically competent person in the company, at least in the area of networking and operating systems. At this point I should point out that BOFHen are not always male; female BOFHen appear to form around 10% of the population on newsgroups such as a.s.r. [6]. However, for the rest of this article I will use the pronoun "he" to mean "he or she", mostly because gender is of only incidental interest to many BOFHen. If you are offended by this, you are almost certainly better off not reading the rest of this article, or indeed ever dealing with a BOFH. In addition, I shall refer to Travaglia's created character as "The BOFH", and actual BOFHly sysadmins as "BOFHen".

The BOFH is into whatever will make him money, keep him in employment, obtain blackmail material over others in the company, or aid him in killing or maiming people who get in his way, ask stupid questions, or offend him by existing. Few BOFHen actually live up to this template in all aspects, which is perhaps a Good Thing. Nevertheless, the basic instincts are all there.

BOFHen do not suffer fools gladly. Indeed, their aim is to ensure is that the suffering is borne by the said fool. They regard Clue as an important property, and seek to impart it to those whom they deem needful. This may be done explicitly, but more often a Pavlovian behavioural system is established: "Whenever you call me with a stupid question I will delete all your files."

BOFHen may or may not enjoy their jobs, and may or may not admit to doing so. The general recognition is that almost all BOFH jobs suck, but the devil one knows (and works for) is usually preferable. After all, it would be a waste to throw away all that blackmail material...

BOFHen can normally be recognised by their attitude, even over the relatively impersonal medium of USENET:

In the simplest terms, you do not carry the familiar stench of not-particularly-well-repressed anger, cynicism and angst that the BOsFH recognize each other by. You have the chirpy piping voice of someone who is not quite smart enough yet.
-- SV

and their canonical appearance in Real Life is also distinctive:

And she points out the rest of the group, way the hell back in the corner, backs to the wall, with suspicious looks on their faces, and the air of being about to leap out of their chairs and do something messy yet satisfying to the rest of the human herd.
-- CJ

Lusers

The people with whom the BOFH deals with day-to-day are generally termed 'lusers'. A portmanteau of 'user' and 'loser', this moniker is neatly descriptive. The BOFH considers all humans to be lusers until proven otherwise. BOFHen are not lusers, by definition (though see the B.+FH section). Between the BOFH and the lusers stands (or, at least, squats) the Clued User: this generally implies someone who has reasonable knowledge about computing, but also (and more importantly) knows the limits of their knowledge and acts accordingly.

The BOFH attitude towards lusers is generally one of contempt and vague homicidal tendencies. Lusers make most of the work for BOFHen, and are accordingly unpopular. The high incidence of luserish behaviour gives most BOFHen a very jaded view of the human race. TF summed this up elegantly:

A huge proportion of people cannot make correct and accurate generalisations of principles. They have to learn everything as if it's an unrelated piece of crap, BECAUSE THEY ARE STUPID! PEOPLE ARE STUPID! YES, THAT'S RIGHT, I'M SHOUTING NOW! AIEEEE!! PEOPLE ARE STUPID!
While there is the temptation to dismiss this as polemic, remember that BOFHen are in the ideal position to meet lusers who have been unable to generalise, for instance, what little they know about Windows 95 to their new experiences with Windows 98.

PHBs

An associated character is the PHB (Pointy-Haired Boss) as espoused in the "Dilbert" cartoons of Scott Adams. Adam's PHB is clueless to the point of clinical brain death, yet retains his elevated position in the company. BOFHen draw the appropriate lesson, and see analogies in much of their companies' managers. Adams remarked [8] that virtually all of the events depicted in "Dilbert" have been claimed to have occurred in Real Life. The BOFHen are not surprised.

Microsoft

The general BOFH attitude towards large firms (VBCs) is one of contempt; their credo (hard to fault in terms of accuracy) is that VBCs promote stupid people who then produce stupid corporate policy. "Corporate" is a dirty word to most BOFHen. Microsoft notably comes in for an exceptionally high level of abuse. Much of this must be put down to job-related frustration; rare is the BOFH who is not required to support MS products, and these products have a long-established reputation for being a pig to maintain and support. The Microsoft policy of global domination by marketing may also raise the hackles of the BOFH hackers, being the opposite of all they stand for. The BOFH view of MS was summarised well by HK:
I trust Microsoft.
I trust them to be spectacularly unable to get anything right, including and especially hard things like industrial espionage. Sure, they'll make clownish, clumsy stabs at it and fail in predictable, amusing and embarrassing ways, and then do it all over again. And their victi^H^H users will not only forgive them but spend a lot of energy making up excuses for them.

Having said that, grudging praise of very limited aspects of MS apps is not unknown among BOFHen. It is however very, very rare.

Linux

BOFHen do not generally share the unbounded joy that Linux seems to bring many hackers. Their concern is that a new generation of sysadmin wannabees is about to rise, who like to tell BOFHen their jobs but don't know their /dev/arse from their elbow. The BOFH creed on operating systems is summed up in the a.s.r. FAQ:
Q3.1: Are there any OSs which don't suck?
A: No. See the hall of shame and OSes that suck
and GA was more specific:
Eh? Linux is luserproof? What kind of "proper" set up is that, ripping out all removable media devices and ethernet, freezing the hard drive spindle, encasing it in concrete and dropping it off a pier?

Darwination

An interesting offshoot of the BOFH attitude has been appreciation of Darwin's theory of evolution. The BOFHen generally believe (and the facts appear to be on their side) that they are among the more clued and adaptable of Earth's inhabitants, and that any upwards evolution of the human race is only possible if the herds of lusers are thinned out a little. While suitably lethal LARTs can achieve this aim, there has been interest in the concept of autodarwination: the process whereby stupidity is rewarded with death, or at least removal of the stupid individual's ability to procreate. An example of this in the area of driving would be the proverbial large spike in the middle of a steering wheel; bad drivers would very quickly be removed from the roads.

Little compassion is generally reserved for the stupid or unadaptable: CJ remarked:

Goodness, no, they should not be allowed to die on the street. We have alleys for that.

The BOFH and Publicity

BOFHen are notoriously shy of publicity for their activities, or indeed for themselves. This is often because their opinions would not be welcomed by their bosses. The BOFH's attitude that the world consists of the clued (few, usually BOFHen) and lusers (many) does not sit well with corporate policy. An example of this clash was described by Anonymous:
You may remember that I posted something regarding Sun Professional Services. After a mild larting from my not-so-PH-boss, I am here to say that Sun Professional Services is the absolute Avatar of Computational Consulting Services. NOTHING they do could be improved upon.
And they absolutely do NOT take postings from the monastery and forward them to people you work with. Never. After all, why should they take postings from places that ARE OBVIOUSLY MEANT TO BE USED FOR BLOWING OFF STEAM, NOT FOR ASKING FOR BLOODY HELP.

It is hard to fathom precisely what the SPS representative intended to achieve in the above situation. Even a cursory perusal of the Monastery reveals its character, community, and extensive collection of firearms.

The technical cluefullness of BOFHen allows them certain benefits. They know how to exclude web pages from (honorable) crawler searches, prevent posting to a newsgroup by most unclued people, and anonymise other aspects of their lives. In all this they bear in mind that publicity is almost always the enemy of the BOFH. How this report will be received by BOFHen remains to be seen.

The Monastery

a.s.r [6], also known as the Scary Devil Monastery, is the home of much BOFHly discussion. Its charter [7] lays out the purpose of the group: it is intended as a forum for letting off steam, relaxing and sharing war stories. It is not a tech support group; the imparting of useful information (UI) is heavily frowned upon. And you do not want to piss off its inhabitants.
Amy, I think you're going to become our official sysadmin's chum. In the secondary, particularly bloody sense of the word.
--SV, to an incautious newbie

a.s.r discussions provide a certain insight into the mind of the BOFH. There is a strong sense of community within the group, within certain constraints. Most notable is the astonishingly high signal-to-noise ratio; although discussions regularly ramble to quite an extraordinary degree, they are usually coherent and extremely accurate. Issuing inaccurate information or poorly-thought-out discourses is guaranteed to produce a small number of sharp responses, even if the originator is generally well-thought of in the group. It is notable that trolling on a.s.r. is rare.

The a.s.r. monks are very different people in terms of their interests, morals and nationality; the key unifying factors appear to be the loathing of lusers (and corporate stupidity) and a strong sense of property about the group. Any attempt to disturb it, such as publicising its access code or otherwise drawing attention to it, results in the extreme displease of its residents.

BOFH vs Hacker

The prototypical hacker personality is described by Raymond in [5]. Many BOFHen display tendencies towards hackerdom, though the reverse is not true. One of the prerequisites of being a BOFH is an encyclopaedic knowledge of one's networks and machines; retention of such quantities of data is a classic hacker property. It is difficult to assess whether BOFHen generally are as withdrawn and shy as the stereotypical hacker; my suspicion is that they are not, at least within an environment in which they feel comfortable. BOFHen are by the nature of their job expected to converse and negotiate with "suits" on a regular basis.

The distinction between hacker and cracker is an important one. The reader who is not acquainted with this distinction is advised to get acquainted with it before going any further into the nest of BOFHen. It is seldom that a BOFH will be a cracker, at least not an active one; he is far more likely to encounter cracker wannabees attempting to violate his system. His tolerance of this is usually non-existent. Having said that, a wide selection of custom backdoors is not unusual within a system that used to be maintained by a BOFH.

A similar attitude is displayed to spammers, the general agreement being that the only good spammer is one with his ears nailed to his genitals, hanging from the wall outside the BOFH's office with "Pour encourager les autres" written in blood underneath. Bear in mind that a normal user may be mildly annoyed by spam, but the BOFH will get grief from multiple users for each spam that gets through the defences, plus any associated problems such as filling up of mail server diskspace. Spamming from the home of a BOFH is rarely done twice, intact fingers being a prerequisite to sending spam.

Real BOFHen

The process of producing a BOFH is swaddled in mystery. The raw material seems to vary greatly, though a relatively high level of intelligence is clearly important. This raw material is refined to the steel-skinned BOFH through long hours, prolonged exposure to user and management stupidity, and years of wrestling with balky hardware and crap software.

I have been privileged to watch the development of a BOFH in the shape of my fiancée Jie. As a trainee sysadmin she has already started to demonstrate aspects of BOFHliness. Wiping out the Linux partition on my home machine by installing Win2K over it, rather than onto the allocated FAT partition, was quite a start. She claimed that it was an "accident" but I think that we recognise the hand of the BOFH here.

[An interview with a veteran BOFH may appear here eventually. I live in hope.]

B.+FH

A recurring theme in a.s.r., mirroring the thoughts of Scott Adams in [9], is that stupidity in the world is rampant. In a telling point, the monks seem to realise that, outside their limited areas of expertise, they are generally clueless. The difference from a luser is this realisation.

FR recalls his experience in trying to acquire a U.S. bank account from a clerk:

Her: What kind of design would you like on your cheques?
FR: Pardon? <panic>
Her: What..kind...of...design...would...you..like..on..your..cheques
FR: I'm sorry I don't understand what you mean! <despair>
Her: WHAT...KIND...OF...(as if I was deaf as well as stupid)

Why she didn't lart me with that folder of "500 Personalized Cheque Designs" I do not know. The concept that I could choose to have tropical fish on my chequebook was completely alien to me. She must have thought I was a complete luser.

MS explained the difference between a BOFH and a luser:
I mean, we all self-LART to varying degrees on occasion. What sets us apart from the lusers is that we can pull ourselves out of the nosedive.

The concept of the BOFH is generalised to the B.+FH (with apologies to those who prefer globs to regexps). Hence the BSecFH may be found in some offices, with the motto "YOU'VE got a memo which has to be written by midday and I'VE got a problem?". A Bastard will generally recognise another Bastard, regardless of professions.

The key attributes of a generic Bastard include:

Aspiring to BOFHhood

The cult of the BOFH has achieved popularity among the technically semi-clued, a category in which the author believes he lies. Travaglia's stories were well written with a biting humour, interlaced with homicidal hyperbole that appealed to twisted senses of humour. Because of the popularity of the stories, two categories of people are drawn to BOFHdom and the lairs of the BOFHen.

The first, and more important, category held the unnamed BOFHen; those sysadmins who struggled through 12-hour days, 7-day weeks, beating their heads against the brick wall of lusers and seeing no light at the end of the tunnel. Once they had encountered other BOFHen, life was more bearable: the Monastery provided a place to blow off steam, gas with like-minded people and generally chill out. Bringing technical queries or job adverts into the Monastery is guaranteed to provoke long hot flames from these people, and with good reason. The last thing they want is the intrusion of work into their playspace.

The aspiring BOFHen are more of a troublesome category. They may or may not be sysadmins; if they are, they generally lack the technical cluefullness that marks the BOFH. There is general consensus among BOFHen that anyone who actually wants their job is suffering either from appalling naïveté or chronic stupidity, the latter being more probable. Those pretending to be BOFHen when they are manifestly not are beneath contempt (though not necessarily beneath a good kicking.)

As previously noted, the road to BOFHhood is long and hard. BOFH wannabees are generally not able to complete their journeys on this road. For these people, the lairs of the BOFH are at best a source of information on how to keep your BOFH happy, avoiding the dread <clickety-click>.

Summary

The BOFH is a creature of the information society, born of the need for complex machinery to convey this information and of the utter inability of 99.9% of the human race to understand or operate this machinery. He may appear a savage, heartless and malicious brute, but these traits arise from the nature of his job. Without BOFHen, lusers would very quickly sink back into the mire of stupidity whence they came. So when your BOFH next deletes all your files because you bothered him in the middle of a game of Delta Force Land Warrior, remember that he's doing you a favour. Don't thank him - it's his job.

Glossary

BOFH
Bastard Operator From Hell
BOFHen
Plural of BOFH
BOFHlet
Larval BOFH
BOFHly
Having the BOFH nature
Clue
Wisdom or knowledge, depending on context
Clued
Wise, knowledgeable, or even able to recognise limits of one's own knowledge and act appropriately
Fsck
Literally, to check a filesystem for integrity. In practice, usually used as a polite version of "fuck"
LART
Luser Attitude Readjustment Tool, usually some form of weapon used to inflict pain and suffering upon deserving lusers.
Luser
Portmanteau of "loser" and "user", used to describe those who make the BOFH's life hell
PFY
Pimple-Faced Youth, usually a BOFH's apprentice
s/A/B/
Replace A with B, standard regular expression syntax
Sysadmin
System administrator, usually of a network

Bibliography

  1. "The Prehistory of BOFH", Simon Travaglia
  2. "The Striped Irregular Bucket", Simon Travaglia
  3. "The Bastard Operator From Hell #7", Simon Travaglia
  4. "The Jargon File 4.2.0", ed. Eric Raymond, 31 Jan 2000, at http://www.jargon.org/
  5. "A Portrait of J. Random Hacker", in [4].
  6. alt.sysadmin.recovery newsgroup
  7. alt.sysadmin.recovery FAQ, at http://www.faqs.org/faqs/by-newsgroup/alt/alt.sysadmin.recovery.html
  8. "The Dilbert Future", Scott Adams, pub. Boxtree, 1997, ISBN 0 7522 1161 7
  9. "The Dilbert Principle", Scott Adams, pub. ??
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